use Taylor's Theorem with integral remainder and the mean-value theorem for integrals to deduce Taylor's Theorem with lagrange remainder
Accepted Solution
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Answer:As consequence of the Taylor theorem with integral remainder we have that[tex]f(x) = f(a) + f'(a)(x-a) + \frac{f''(a)}{2!}(x-a)^2 + \cdots + \frac{f^{(n)}(a)}{n!}(x-a)^n + \int^a_x f^{(n+1)}(t)\frac{(x-t)^n}{n!}dt[/tex]If we ask that [tex]f[/tex] has continuous [tex](n+1)[/tex]th derivative we can apply the mean value theorem for integrals. Then, there exists [tex]c[/tex] between [tex]a[/tex] and [tex]x[/tex] such that[tex] \int^a_x f^{(n+1)}(t)\frac{(x-t)^k}{n!}dt = \frac{f^{(n+1)}(c)}{n!} \int^a_x (x-t)^n d t = \frac{f^{(n+1)}(c)}{n!} \frac{(x-t)^{n+1}}{n+1}\Big|_a^x[/tex]Hence,[tex] \int^a_x f^{(n+1)}(t)\frac{(x-t)^k}{n!}d t = \frac{f^{(n+1)}(c)}{n!} \frac{(x-t)^{(n+1)}}{n+1} = \frac{f^{(n+1)}(c)}{(n+1)!}(x-a)^{n+1} .[/tex]Thus,[tex] \int^a_x f^{(n+1)}(t)\frac{(x-t)^k}{n!}d t = \frac{f^{(n+1)}(c)}{(n+1)!}(x-a)^{n+1} [/tex]and the Taylor theorem with Lagrange remainder is [tex] f(x) = f(a) + f'(a)(x-a) + \frac{f''(a)}{2!}(x-a)^2 + \cdots + \frac{f^{(n)}(a)}{n!}(x-a)^n + \frac{f^{(n+1)}(c)}{(n+1)!}(x-a)^{n+1}[/tex].Step-by-step explanation: